Antibodies and Inhibitors
Ubiquitin Pathway Antibodies
At LifeSensors, we offer the best antibodies for your ubiquitin research. We offer a variety of them ranging from those that specifically recognize ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins to those used for detection of the different enzymes in the ubiquitin system.
VU-1 is rated as the best ubiquitin antibody on the market. VU-1 ubiquitin monoclonal antibody has been shown to recognize different linkages including K48-, K63-, and K11-polyubiquitylated conjugates. Moreover, VU-1 also recognizes free ubiquitin and linear ubiquitin chains and is an excellent reagent to use for immunofluorescence in tissue sections and cell culture.
The FK2 monoclonal ubiquitin antibody is a frequently used and widely-cited ubiquitin antibody that detects both mono- and polyubiquitin, but not free ubiquitin. Raised against a crude preparation of polyubiquitinylated lysozyme, it has been shown to recognize K11-, K29-, K48- and K63-linked polyubiquitin and to perform in Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunostaining applications.
We also offer a linear polyubiquitin antibody that displays high specificity for linear polyubiquitin chains and is suitable for immunoblot detection of linear chains from tissue or cell lysates.
Ubiquitin Pathway Inhibitors
LifeSensors provides several externally validated, selective inhibitors of E1 enzymes, E3 ligases and DUBs. Furthermore, our scientists have extensive research backgrounds in the study of in vivo ubiquitylation and are happy to assist you with the technical details of your experiments!
Currently, there are very few FDA-approved drugs targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Among these are the proteasome inhibitors bortezomib (PS-341) and carfilzomib, also known by their trade names, Velcade and Kyprolis. LifeSensors provides these and other proteasome inhibitors for a variety of research purposes. For example, they can help determine whether your protein of interest is subject to ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Broad-spectrum deubiquitylase (DUB) inhibitors are also fundamental tools in ubiquitin pathway research, as they are essential for preserving the endogenous ubiquitylation state of proteins during cell lysis and immunoprecipitation. LifeSensors’ inhibitors are validated both in-house and by numerous customers for these and a multitude of other applications.
Many selective small molecules have been identified and developed that modulate ubiquitin pathway enzymes in cells and model organisms. Inhibition of an E3 ligase can reduce the ubiquitylation of its substrate proteins, and thus prevent their degradation by the proteasome. Conversely, inhibition of a DUB can increase the ubiquitylation of its substrates and may lead to their proteasomal degradation.